{"id":215,"date":"2024-08-19T14:48:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T11:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/?p=215"},"modified":"2024-10-17T23:03:53","modified_gmt":"2024-10-17T20:03:53","slug":"retinopatia-diabetica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/?p=215","title":{"rendered":"Cataracta"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Cataracta: simptome, tipuri \u0219i metode de tratament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n

Cataracta este una dintre cele mai des \u00eent\u00e2lnite patologii oftalmologice. Ea cauzeaz\u0103 51% din toate cazurile de orbire \u0219i 33% din deficien\u021be de vedere la nivel mondial.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Aceasta se manifest\u0103 prin pierderea transparen\u021bei cristalinului, care reprezint\u0103 o lentil\u0103 din interiorul ochiului, amplasat\u0103 \u00een spatele irisului (partea colorat\u0103 a ochiului). \u00cen mod normal, cristalinul este transparent \u0219i permite trecerea luminii c\u0103tre retin\u0103 (partea posterioar\u0103 a ochiului), astfel form\u00e2ndu-se o imagine clar\u0103, pe care o vedem. Dac\u0103 cristalinul \u00ee\u0219i pierde transparen\u021ba \u2013 aceasta fiind cataracta propriu-zis\u0103, atunci imaginea v\u0103zut\u0103 va ap\u0103rea \u00eence\u021bo\u0219at\u0103. Acesta este simptomul principal \u00een cataract\u0103. Alte simptome:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Modific\u0103ri ale dioptriilor: cre\u0219te \u201cminusul\u201d, iar \u201cplusul\u201d scade, care se poate manifesta prin sc\u0103derea vederii la dep\u0103rtare \u0219i \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea vederii la aproape pe o perioada scurt\u0103 de timp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Vederea pe timp de noapte este mai sc\u0103zut\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Vederea poate fi mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 la lumina puternic\u0103 (\u00een formele centrale de cataract\u0103);<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Halouri \u00een zona luminoas\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u2013 apare \u201ccurcubeul\u201d in jurul surselor de lumin\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Fotofobie \u2013 sensibilitate, disconfort la lumin\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Vedere dubl\u0103 la un singur ochi — nu dispare dac\u0103 un ochi se \u00eenchide;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Afectarea sim\u021bului cromatic \u2013 culorile apar mai \u0219terse;<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • !!! NU apar durere, l\u0103crimare, ro\u0219ea\u021ba (dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 ochiul mai are \u0219i alte boli asociate).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Simptomele depind de care por\u021biune a cristalinului este afectat\u0103. \u00cen dependen\u021b\u0103 de aceasta, cataracta poate fi clasificat\u0103 \u00een mai multe tipuri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Nuclear\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Cortical\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Corticonuclear\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Subcapsular\u0103 posterioar\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      Simptomele apar treptat \u0219i se agraveaz\u0103 lent. Sc\u0103derea vederii de obicei nu este brusc\u0103. Viteza cu care se \u00eenr\u0103ut\u0103\u021be\u0219te vederea depinde de tipul cataractei, v\u00e2rsta pacientului \u0219i patologiile asociate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Factorii de risc pentru dezvoltarea cataractei s\u00e2nt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Diabet zaharat sau glicemie crescut\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Utilizarea de steroizi (oral, IV sau inhalator)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Expunerea la ultraviolete<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Fumatul<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Boli oculare: retinit\u0103 pigmentar\u0103, uveit\u0103 \u0219.a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Traumatisme oculare<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Chirurgie ocular\u0103 anterioar\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Predispozi\u021bie genetic\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Boli dermatologice<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Tratament cu radia\u021bii sau chimioterapie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        Cataracta poate ap\u0103rea la orice v\u00e2rsta, put\u00e2nd fi prezent\u0103 chiar \u0219i la na\u0219tere (cataracta congenital\u0103). Dar cel mai frecvent se \u00eent\u00e2lne\u0219te dup\u0103 v\u00e2rsta de 60 ani (cataracta senil\u0103).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Unica metod\u0103 de tratament efectiv\u0103 este cea chirurgical\u0103. Aceasta const\u0103 \u00een \u00eenl\u0103turarea cristalinului opacifiat \u0219i \u00eenlocuirea acestuia cu unul artificial transparent. Metoda interven\u021biei, tipul cristalinului va fi ales de c\u0103tre chirurgul oftalmolog \u00een dependen\u021b\u0103 de tipul cataractei, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de nevoile \u0219i a\u0219tept\u0103rile pacientului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Cataracta: simptome, tipuri \u0219i metode de tratament.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-patient_info"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=215"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":437,"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215\/revisions\/437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oftalmolog.md\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}